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Electronic
Journal of the International Association for Environmental Hydrology
JEH Volume 12 (2004), Paper 4,
March 2004 Posted
March 14, 2004
DEM-RS-GIS
BASED STORM RUNOFF HYDROGRAPH ESTIMATION FOR THE HEART
RIVER SUB-BASIN, MISSOURI RIVER BASIN
Assefa M. Melesse
Earth Systems Science Institute, University of North Dakota,
Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
ABSTRACT
Accurate representation
of the physical and biological features of the landscape within the watershed
is required
as the extent and type of watershed cover affects the movement of water
in the hydrologic cycle. Remote sensing (RS), such as satellite imagery
from Landsat and other
satellites, provides land-cover and surface microclimate information with
high temporal and spatial accuracy. The use of these data to understand
hydrologic processes depends on how accurately they are interpreted
and mapped. A study conducted at the Heart River sub-basin in the
Missouri River basin, located on southwestern North Dakota, utilizes Landsat
Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus imagery and geographic information system
(GIS) tools to derive landcover for the summer of 2002. Land surface
temperature and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) from
the Landsat image was used to better map the land-cover and estimate
runoff response. The corresponding infiltration excess runoff response
of the study area was estimated using the United States Department
of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service Curve Number
(USDA-NRCS-CN) method. A Digital Elevation Model (DEM)-RS-GIS routing
technique based on a 1-D kinematic wave approximation was
developed to predict stream response to runoff events based on the travel
time from each grid cell to the watershed outlet. Simulated and observed
runoff volume and hydrographs were compared for three storm events.
The NRCS-CN method with the DEM-RS-GIS routing technique predicts
the observed runoff volume with mean error and residual standard deviation
of (–38%
and 5 mm), peak flow (-15% and 2.38 m3/sec), and time to peak flow (17%
and, 1.26 day), respectively.
Reference: Melesse,
A.M. ; DEM-RS-GIS based Storm Runoff Hydrograph Estimation for the Heart
River Sub-basin, Missouri River Basin, Journal of Environmental Hydrology,
Vol.
12,
Paper
4,
March 2004.
CONTACT:
Assefa M. Melesse
Assistant Professor
Earth Systems Science Institute
University of North Dakota
Grand Forks, ND 58202
USA
E-mail: assefa@aero.und.edu
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